Since NPs counter-balance RAAS, recombinant human NPs (e.g. nesiritide—recombinant BNP) combined with neprilysin inhibitors (e.g. sacubitril, enhancing NP signalling) and ARBs (e.g. valsartan), denoted ARNi (currently approved for the heart failure management)228 or synthetic modified NPs designed to preferentially enhance signalling via specific NPRs, may also have potential benefits for AF management. The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is atrial fibrillation.