Among the genes reported to be regulated by gossypol in cancer cells20,33–39 and macrophages40, gossypol decreased the mRNA levels of BNIP3, CYP19A1, FAS, HUA, P53, PPARR and TNFSF10 genes in the human colon cancer cells (Fig. 3B). Here, CYP19A1 is linked to colonic neoplasm.