Eighty percent of NSCLC is non-squamous and 10–15% of these patients (~20,000/year) have disease that is characterized by an activating mutation in EGFR (EGFRmut)2, making EGFRmut NSCLC one of the most common cancers and causes of cancer-related death. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.