It was found that the infiltrating expression of immune cells (CD4+ and CD8+ cells) and the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 were significantly increased in patients receiving APG-157, implying that APG-157 therapy has the potential to attract immune cells into the TME and provides a strong theoretical basis for using immune checkpoints to block the interaction between T cells and cancer cells (PD-1/PD-L1 axis) [112]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to cancer.