For instance, it had been previously shown that STAT3 (activated by IL-6) and STAT6 (activated by IL-4) cooperate to enhance expression and secretion of cathepsins, to promote polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (Yan et al., 2016) and enhance IL-4-induced gene expression (Makita et al., 2015; Fernando et al., 2014; Figure 7B, C). This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and neoplasm.