INS and fatty liver disease: Despite the restriction of GFRAL expression in the hindbrain region of mice, there are numerous studies that cannot simply be explained by the anorexigenic action via GFRAL, including insulin sensitivity, lipolysis in adipose tissue, anti-inflammatory action, alleviation of hepatic steatosis, and muscle atrophy (Chrysovergis et al., 2014; Chung et al., 2017a, 2017b; Garfield et al., 2019; Jung et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2018).