NPPB and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In addition, short-term use of SGLT2 inhibitors significantly improved volume load and symptoms in HF patients with concomitant T2DM; however, serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations, which are traditionally used to assess HF severity, did not improve significantly, suggesting that we need to explore meaningful biomarkers that can monitor and evaluate the effect SGLT2 inhibitors for HF treatment in the future (55), in order to provide scientific evidence for in-depth understanding of the many unknowns of SGLT2 inhibitors.