CHMP5 and viral infectious disease: We then assessed other virus infection-related genes, and found that genes contributing to virus entry (BSG, CAV2, CHMP3, CHMP5, and STOML2, Figure 4C, Supplementary Figures 2C,D), cysteine proteases cathepsins (CSTB, CSTD, and CSTL, Figure 4D), suppression of IFN-γ signaling (LARP1, RBX1, and TIMM8B, Figure 4E), and virus replication (AKAP9, RDX, and MTCH1, Figure 4F) were all up-regulated in CMs in failing hearts.