IL1B and clostridium difficile infection: Caspase-1 activation is facilitated by NLRP3 inflammasome (Schroder and Tschopp, 2010; Dinarello et al., 2012) and this inflammasome-induced IL-1β is crucial for CDI-induced neutrophil recruitment (Hasegawa et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2018).