Epithelial-immune tumor cells expressed high levels of immune-related genes that included interferon (IFN)-response genes [e.g. IFN-stimulated gene 5 (ISG15)], major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II)-coding genes (e.g. HLA-DR), and complement genes (e.g. C3) (27). This evidence concerns the gene ISG15 and neoplasm.