Surprisingly, PEDF overexpression did not significantly influence AKT expression or phosphorylated AKT expression but upregulated the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2, suggesting that the activation of MAPK/ERK signaling by ERK1/2 phosphorylation plays a special role in promoting tumor migration and invasion induced by PEDF (Figure 5A). This evidence concerns the gene SERPINF1 and neoplasm.