Tumor fragments of three primary tumors were cultured in IL-2 (6000 IU/ml) + anti-4-1BB antibody (10 ug/ml) and these fragments yielded higher numbers of expanded TIL compared to fragments of the same tumors cultured only in IL-2 (6000 IU/ml) (p=0.006). This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF9 and neoplasm.