IFN-γ also stimulates other immune cells, especially macrophages, which secrete proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-15, and TNF-α (74, 75), and the interaction between IFN-γ and macrophages aggravates CRS (64). The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is congenital rubella syndrome.