PDCD1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Since one of the important mechanisms of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is the promotion of Treg cells differentiation, an interesting and promising suggestion was drawn from this study that GSMs-TACE has the potential to be used in combination with immune adjuvant therapies such as PD-1/PD-L1 pathway targeting therapies to increase the efficacy of HCC treatment.