However, Nisio et al. found the increased expression of RANK, RANKL in BPs induced necrotic bone lesions, suggesting that colonizing bacteria that produced lipopolysaccharide could trigger the RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathway and enhance osteoclast differentiation and activation (102). The gene discussed is TNFRSF11A; the disease is Bartsocas-Papas syndrome 1.