IL1B and infection: Nuclear factor-kB, a family of homo- and heterodimeric transcription factors, playing a role in the homeostasis of the various transcription genes in response to different stimuli such as infection, inflammation, and DNA damage-induced oxidative stress (Hayden and Ghosh, 2004), and may result in activation of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and NOS2.