Atria-specific CIRP delivery through an AAV9-mediated gene therapy could prolong the AERP and prevent AF occurrence in CIRP KO rats, coupled with a decreased protein level of Kv1.5 and Kv4.2/4.3 in the atrium (Xie et al., 2020a). This evidence concerns the gene KCNA5 and atrial fibrillation.