KEYNOTE-001 in 2016 (Daud et al., 2016) and KEYNOTE-010 in 2014 (Herbst et al., 2014) showed that melanoma patients and non-small cell lung cancer patients with PD-L1 positive had a greater survival benefit from anti-PD-L1/anti-PD-1 therapy. Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.