PTGS2 and neoplasm: For example, chlorogenic acid from Lonicera japonica extract can inhibit the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 by down-regulating the COX-2-MMP signaling pathway (Cai et al., 2019); curcumin from Curcuma longa extract can inhibit tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and the expression of angiogenesis promoting factors (Gao et al., 2016b); rosmarinic acid extracted from rosemary can inhibit angiogenesis and achieve an anti-tumour effect by inhibiting VEGF expression and IL-8 release from related cells (Huang and Zheng, 2006).