TLR4 and Alzheimer disease: While the precise mechanism underlying the galantamine reversal of HMGB1-TLR4/RAGE-pNF-κB p65 neuroimmune signaling remains to be fully elucidated, our findings that galantamine is capable of recovering the persistent loss of BFCNs and lasting activation of neuroimmune and gene silencing have broad implications that could impact AUD as well as AD.