Indeed, degeneration of BFCNs and ChAT + somal shrinkage are features of several neurodegenerative disorders, including AD and AUD (Lehericy et al., 1993; Vetreno et al., 2014), and may contribute to the cognitive deficits associated with these disorders (Vogels et al., 1990; De Rosa et al., 2004; Mufson et al., 2008), all of which are also associated with increased expression of neuroimmune genes. This evidence concerns the gene CHAT and Alzheimer disease.