Recent studies have demonstrated that PGC-1α is downregulated in AKI induced by endotoxemia, nephrotoxic agents, and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) [13, 43–46], while overexpression of PGC-1α reduces kidney injury in notch-induced kidney fibrotic mice and diabetic nephropathy mice [47, 48]. The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.