OTUB1 and listeriosis: In accordance to the deubiquitinase activity of OTUB1 on K48-linked polyubiquitin chains of c-IAP1 [21], we detected enhanced K48-linked polyubiquitination of c-IAP1 in the livers of OTUB1LPC-KO mice upon Listeria infection, which was independent of MLKL (Figs. 5E and S5E).