Of note, several proinflammatory cytokines did not respond to Chlamydia infection in both cell types, including eotaxin1, MCP1 and TGFβ. Finally, we examined transcripts levels for five inflammatory cytokines, IL6 IL8, IL1β, TNFα and CCL5, upon infection with C. trachomatis serovar D. All cytokines were up-regulated in primary epithelial cells except IL1β, consistent with the observations made with serovar L2 (Fig. 5b). Here, CCL5 is linked to infection.