HLA-DQA1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: These results were different from those of a previous study of a large T1D cohort of European ancestries, which reported three amino acid polymorphisms, i.e., HLA-DQβ1 position 57, HLA-DRβ1 position 13, and HLA-DRβ1 position 71, as the top-associated amino acid polymorphisms in the HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DQB1 region.