For instance, in type 1 diabetes (T1D), the strong association between non-Asp57 in HLA-DQβ1 and T1D risk has been found in European populations11,12, but not in the Japanese populations, where the T1D susceptible HLA-DQβ1 alleles carry Asp5713. The gene discussed is HLA-DQB1; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.