scRNA-seq analysis of tumor tissues showed that osimertinib treatment produced several novel cell populations compared to vehicle-treated animals (Supplementary Fig. 14c), with many of the top markers (GPRC5A, SOX4, FOS, JUN, IGFBP3, and ALDH3A1), gene signatures (Fig. 7a, b and Supplementary Fig. 14d–h) and LINCS small molecules (Supplementary Data 22) also observed in the PC9 cell culture model. Here, SOX4 is linked to neoplasm.