Pan-cancer HIF clusters strongly correlated with immune signatures of leukocyte infiltration, immunoglobulin G (IgG) expression, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expression, and wound healing (Fig. 5a), as well as angiogenesis and hypoxia (Supplementary Fig. 8), all quantified by scoring bulk RNA-Seq reads for known immune and gene expression signatures43–45. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cancer.