GPC1 and central nervous system cancer: At present, the roles of GPC1 and GPC3 in controlling the proliferation of glioma cells have been reported; the overexpression of GPC1 in U87 glioma cells enhanced FGF-2-stimulated proliferation of cells by enhancing FGF-2 signaling18, whereas knockdown of GPC1 in U251 glioma cells reduced cellular growth and proliferation19; GPC3 drove gliomagenesis and initiated brain hyperexcitability43.