Interestingly, T. gondii infection upregulated the expression of NLRC4, NLRP4, NLRP8, NLRP10, NLRP11, NLRP13, and NLRP14 mRNAs at both 4 and 8 h post-infection, but NLRP4, NLRP8, NLRP10, and NLRP11 mRNAs were significantly downregulated at 8 h post-infection compared to that at 4 h post-infection (Fig. 3b). Here, NLRP14 is linked to infection.