NLRP3 and toxoplasmosis: Our results are consistent with those of previous studies, that is, T. gondii triggers NLRP3 or NLRP1, which leads to parasite restriction and resistance to toxoplasmosis [11, 16], and p38 MAPK is important for the regulation of NLRP1 or NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion [18, 19].