INS and Insulin resistance: While the aforementioned factors contribute cumulative risk over time [8], recent meta-analyses of case–control studies suggest that a phenotype of raised fasting insulin, raised triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, indicative of insulin resistance [9–11], is associated with relatively young antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) [12,13], and, cross-sectionally, with psychotic symptoms in young adults [14].