It therefore becomes crucial to find the optimal selection criteria for genetic testing, with a positive ratio between cost and effectiveness, in order to ease cascade analysis of at-risk relatives and offer effective surveillance programs, based on annual PSA and prostatic ultrasound, that have recently demonstrated to increase the detection of early stage prostate tumors, particularly in case of BRCA2 mutation carriers21. The gene discussed is BRCA2; the disease is prostate neoplasm.