For example, nucleophosmin (NPM1) is mutated in 50–60% of AML patients with normal karyotype (75,76) and the interaction between NPM1 and cellular tumour antigen p53 (TP53) (77) makes short loop interactions with 25 different proteins such as cell cycle related proteins (CDKN2A, RB1), ribosomal proteins (RPL6, RPS16, RPS13), histone binding (EP300, RBBP4), actin binding (FLNA) and ubiquitin (OTUB1) (78). The gene discussed is RB1; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.