Moreover, several biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in CKD have been assessed, and could be classified into prognostic biomarkers, such as cardiac troponins and NT-ProBNP, Cystatin C, β2-Microglobulin, Galectin-3 and markers of inflammation or tissue remodeling such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and predictive biomarkers that predict response to treatments, such as proteinuria, insertion/deletion polymorphisms of the ACE gene, MMP levels, and renal resistive index in kidney ultrasound (63). The gene discussed is ACE; the disease is chronic kidney disease.