Actualizing this hypothesis, Fluckiger et al. (118) demonstrated that T cells specific for an epitope of E. hirae present in the bacteriophage-encoded tail length tape measure protein 1 (TMP1) could cross react with a sarcoma specific peptide belonging to the proteasome subunit beta type-4 (PSMB4) which improved the anti-tumor immune response observed on treatment with cyclophosphamide. Here, PSMB4 is linked to neoplasm.