INS and diabetes mellitus: Insulin resistance (IR) is usually defined as decreased sensitivity to metabolic actions of insulin in target tissues including muscle, liver, and adipose (Kim et al., 2006; Kong et al., 2019) and plays a critical role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is frequently present in obesity, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome (DeFronzo and Ferrannini, 1991; Petersen et al., 2007).