CSF2 and COVID-19: Studies also suggested elevated levels of IL-8, MCP-1, IFN-γ, CXCL9, CXCL10 and GM-CSF in COVID-19 patients (Li et al., 2016; Marchetti et al., 2018; Conti et al., 2020; Vaninov, 2020) regarding triggering the neuronal manifestations.