VEGFA and melanoma: Similarly, the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the key regulator of tumor angiogenesis, was also significantly elevated in patients with melanoma (vs. controls, 0.0689 ± 0.0086 ng/ml vs. 0.0454 ± 0.0128, respectively, p < 0.0001; Fig. 5B).