Furthermore, we confirmed that PTGS2 mRNA expression by miR199a-3p mimic-transduced synovium-derived, cultured MCs obtained from RA patients was significantly lower than that by control miRNA mimic-transduced cells, when the cells were activated with TNF-α (P < 0.05, Fig. 5F). The gene discussed is PTGS2; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.