PDCD1 and neoplasm: These results are in line with a previous publication demonstrating improved therapeutic outcome when anti-IL-6 is combined with anti-PD1 or anti-PD-L1 treatment.49 Moreover, our in vitro experiments demonstrate that inhibiting IL-6 diminishes anti-PD-1-induced tumor cell invasive properties, further supporting the notion that blocking specific therapy-induced host factors represents a strategy for overcoming therapy resistance.