PNPLA2 and cancer: In support of the hypothesis that lipolysis promotes the aggressive phenotype of HeLa cells, over-expression of ATGL was associated with increased nuclear β-catenin (Fig. 2d), a marker of cancer cell invasion [24, 25] and the up-regulation of its known target and angiogenesis factor Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [26] (Fig. 2e).