We revealed the key correlated regulators of six DEARGs (BECN1, GAPDH, ATG7, MAPK3, BCL2L1, and MYC) and three immune cell subpopulations (T cells CD4 memory resting, T cells follicular helper, and neutrophils) that were unique to patients who developed AF after VHD. The gene discussed is MAPK3; the disease is atrial fibrillation.