In 2016, first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) such as anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab were reported as a new standard of care for treatment-naïve NSCLC with programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL1) expression of 50% and more, however Ontario public funding of this only commenced in January 2018 [6]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.