The mechanisms underlying such associations with deaths from vascular-metabolic causes include increased levels of blood pressure,22 impaired liver function, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, inflammation and dyslipidaemia, elevated levels of non-esterified fatty-acids and pro-coagulation factors, and reduced clearance of apolipoprotein-B, triglycerides and very-low-density lipids.23 This evidence concerns the gene APOB and Insulin resistance.