TNF and COVID-19: LQD could exert anti-inflammatory activity to treat COVID-19, mainly through reducing the levels of inflammatory response factors IL-8, IL-17, IL-23 and TNF-α, lowering the levels of IL-8 and IL-17 in the blood, and inhibiting virus-induced activation of NF-kB and gene expression of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a, and IP-10, which can reduce the inflammatory response and slow down the damage of inflammatory response exudate to lung function (94, 96, 104).