Production and release of cytokines and chemokines including CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL3 and CXC-chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) is increased in the adipose tissue and pancreatic islets of patients with T2DM (Donath and Shoelson, 2011; Xu et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.