In the studies on the use of ICIs in cancer patients with unlimited tumor types and preexisting AID, the majority of malignant tumor types were still melanoma and/or NSCLC (Table 1) (34–40) Danlos et al. (34) analyzed data from a large prospective study of anti-PD-1 treatment and found that the 45 patients with AID had no significant difference in ORR or mOS compared with those without AID, but the median irAE-free survival time was significantly shorter (5.4 versus 13.0 months, p = 0.0002) and the incidence of TirAEs was higher in patients with AID (44% versus 29%). Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.