AKT1 and cardiovascular disorder: Supplementary Table S2 lists the differentially expressed genes associated with these pathways. Although elevation of cytokines and enrichment of pathways such as MAPK and PI3K-Akt have been described in other studies of PM2.5 (9, 11, 12, 16), pathways related to amino acid synthesis and metabolism and cardiovascular disease (Table 1) were uniquely found in our dataset. Network analysis of genes within these pathways allowed us to identify key interactions, including genes that may serve as regulatory hubs (Fig. 1C, Supplementary Fig. S1).