CSF2 and myocarditis: In human myocarditis/inflammatory cardiomyopathy, the Th17 immunophenotype is characterized by elevated Th17 levels with increases in the Th17-related cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, transforming growth factor-β1, IL-23, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (57).