Recently, the aforementioned protein, rSjCystatin, which is a secretory cysteine protease inhibitor, and recombinant fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from S. japonicum (rSjFBPA) exhibited potential to significantly reduce the onset of T1D and ameliorate its severity in NOD mice; this was associated with increased production of Th2 and Treg cytokines, such as IL-10 and TGF-β (49). This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.