Injection of recombinant S. japonicum cystatin (rSjcystatin) after TNBS administration significantly reduced inflammatory parameters and ameliorated the severity of colitis in mice; this resulted from a decreased level of IFN-γ in three organs and elevated levels of IL-4, IL-13, IL-10, and TGF-β in the colon and increased numbers of Tregs in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) (47). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and colitis.