In contrast, SmSEA immunization prior to DSS application markedly ameliorated the course of DSS-induced colitis characterized by lower DAI and macroscopic inflammatory scores, reduced MPO activity, and increased expression of FoxP3+ Tregs and Th2 cytokines, suggesting that SmSEA may have potential for development as a prophylactic helminthic therapy due to this positive modulatory effect (44). This evidence concerns the gene MPO and colitis.