VCAM1 and brain ischemia: Longitudinal studies evaluating the levels of soluble adhesion molecules in human peripheral blood after cerebral ischemia revealed that while ICAM-1 and E-selectin levels peaked within the first 6–24 h and rapidly decreased thereafter, VCAM-1 levels progressively increased and peaked after 5–10 days, suggesting that VCAM-1 plays an important role mediating prolonged and sustained leukocyte adhesion and migration in cerebral ischemia13–15.