Based on this finding, our further studies corroborated that under the pathological conditions of diabetes, HNRNPA1-mediated exosomal sorting transported cellular miR-483-5p out of TECs into the urine, thus lessening the restraint of cellular miR-483-5p on MAPK1 and TIMP2 mRNAs, and ultimately boosting ECM deposition and the progression of DN-induced renal interstitial fibrosis. The gene discussed is HNRNPA1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.